_fabric

FractalSSH

Bases: object

Wrapper of fabric.Connection object, enriched with locks.

Note: methods marked as _unsafe should not be used directly, since they do not enforce locking.

Attributes:

Name	Type	Description
_lock	Lock
_connection	Connection
default_lock_timeout	float
default_max_attempts	int
default_base_interval	float
sftp_get_prefetch	bool
sftp_get_max_requests	int
logger_name	str

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

class FractalSSH(object):
    """
    Wrapper of `fabric.Connection` object, enriched with locks.

    Note: methods marked as `_unsafe` should not be used directly,
    since they do not enforce locking.

    Attributes:
        _lock:
        _connection:
        default_lock_timeout:
        default_max_attempts:
        default_base_interval:
        sftp_get_prefetch:
        sftp_get_max_requests:
        logger_name:
    """

    _lock: Lock
    _connection: Connection
    default_lock_timeout: float
    default_max_attempts: int
    default_base_interval: float
    sftp_get_prefetch: bool
    sftp_get_max_requests: int
    logger_name: str

    def __init__(
        self,
        connection: Connection,
        default_timeout: float = 250,
        default_max_attempts: int = 5,
        default_base_interval: float = 3.0,
        sftp_get_prefetch: bool = False,
        sftp_get_max_requests: int = 64,
        logger_name: str = __name__,
    ):
        self._lock = Lock()
        self._connection = connection
        self.default_lock_timeout = default_timeout
        self.default_base_interval = default_base_interval
        self.default_max_attempts = default_max_attempts
        self.sftp_get_prefetch = sftp_get_prefetch
        self.sftp_get_max_requests = sftp_get_max_requests
        self.logger_name = logger_name
        set_logger(self.logger_name)

    @property
    def is_connected(self) -> bool:
        return self._connection.is_connected

    @property
    def logger(self) -> logging.Logger:
        return get_logger(self.logger_name)

    def log_and_raise(self, *, e: Exception, message: str) -> None:
        """
        Log and re-raise an exception from a FractalSSH method.

        Arguments:
            message: Additional message to be logged.
            e: Original exception
        """
        try:
            self.logger.error(message)
            self.logger.error(f"Original Error {type(e)} : \n{str(e)}")
            # Handle the specific case of `NoValidConnectionsError`s from
            # paramiko, which store relevant information in the `errors`
            # attribute
            if hasattr(e, "errors"):
                self.logger.error(f"{type(e)=}")
                for err in e.errors:
                    self.logger.error(f"{err}")
        except Exception as exception:
            # Handle unexpected cases, e.g. (1) `e` has no `type`, or
            # (2) `errors` is not iterable.
            self.logger.error(
                "Unexpected Error while handling exception above: "
                f"{str(exception)}"
            )

        raise e

    def _run(
        self, *args, label: str, lock_timeout: Optional[float] = None, **kwargs
    ) -> Any:
        actual_lock_timeout = self.default_lock_timeout
        if lock_timeout is not None:
            actual_lock_timeout = lock_timeout
        with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
            lock=self._lock,
            label=label,
            timeout=actual_lock_timeout,
        ):
            return self._connection.run(*args, **kwargs)

    def _sftp_unsafe(self) -> paramiko.sftp_client.SFTPClient:
        """
        This is marked as unsafe because you should only use its methods
        after acquiring a lock.
        """
        return self._connection.sftp()

    def read_remote_json_file(self, filepath: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
        self.logger.info(f"START reading remote JSON file {filepath}.")
        with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
            lock=self._lock,
            label="read_remote_json_file",
            timeout=self.default_lock_timeout,
        ):

            try:
                with self._sftp_unsafe().open(filepath, "r") as f:
                    data = json.load(f)
            except Exception as e:
                self.log_and_raise(
                    e=e,
                    message=(
                        f"Error in `read_remote_json_file`, for {filepath=}."
                    ),
                )
        self.logger.info(f"END reading remote JSON file {filepath}.")
        return data

    def check_connection(self) -> None:
        """
        Open the SSH connection and handle exceptions.

        This method should always be called at the beginning of background
        operations that use FractalSSH, so that:

        1. We try to restore unusable connections (e.g. due to closed socket).
        2. We provide an informative error if connection cannot be established.
        """
        self.logger.debug(
            f"[check_connection] {self._connection.is_connected=}"
        )
        if self._connection.is_connected:
            # Even if the connection appears open, it could be broken for
            # external reasons (e.g. the socket is closed because the SSH
            # server was restarted). In these cases, we catch the error and
            # try to re-open the connection.
            try:
                self.logger.info(
                    "[check_connection] Run dummy command to check connection."
                )
                # Run both an SFTP and an SSH command, as they correspond to
                # different sockets
                self.remote_exists("/dummy/path/")
                self.run_command(cmd="whoami")
                self.logger.info(
                    "[check_connection] SSH connection is already OK, exit."
                )
                return
            except (OSError, EOFError) as e:
                self.logger.warning(
                    f"[check_connection] Detected error {str(e)}, re-open."
                )
        # Try opening the connection (if it was closed) or to re-open it (if
        # an error happened).
        try:
            self.close()
            with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
                lock=self._lock,
                label="_connection.open",
                timeout=self.default_lock_timeout,
                logger_name=self.logger_name,
            ):
                self._connection.open()
                self._connection.client.open_sftp()
                self.logger.info(
                    "[check_connection] SSH connection opened, exit."
                )

        except Exception as e:
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"Cannot open SSH connection. Original error:\n{str(e)}"
            )

    def close(self) -> None:
        """
        Aggressively close `self._connection`.

        When `Connection.is_connected` is `False`, `Connection.close()` does
        not call `Connection.client.close()`. Thus we do this explicitly here,
        because we observed cases where `is_connected=False` but the underlying
        `Transport` object was not closed.
        """
        with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
            lock=self._lock,
            label="_connection.close",
            timeout=self.default_lock_timeout,
        ):
            self._connection.close()
            if self._connection.client is not None:
                self._connection.client.close()

    def run_command(
        self,
        *,
        cmd: str,
        allow_char: Optional[str] = None,
        max_attempts: Optional[int] = None,
        base_interval: Optional[int] = None,
        lock_timeout: Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> str:
        """
        Run a command within an open SSH connection.

        Args:
            cmd: Command to be run
            allow_char: Forbidden chars to allow for this command
            max_attempts:
            base_interval:
            lock_timeout:

        Returns:
            Standard output of the command, if successful.
        """

        validate_cmd(cmd, allow_char=allow_char)

        actual_max_attempts = self.default_max_attempts
        if max_attempts is not None:
            actual_max_attempts = max_attempts

        actual_base_interval = self.default_base_interval
        if base_interval is not None:
            actual_base_interval = base_interval

        actual_lock_timeout = self.default_lock_timeout
        if lock_timeout is not None:
            actual_lock_timeout = lock_timeout

        t_0 = time.perf_counter()
        ind_attempt = 0
        while ind_attempt <= actual_max_attempts:
            ind_attempt += 1
            prefix = f"[attempt {ind_attempt}/{actual_max_attempts}]"
            self.logger.info(f"{prefix} START running '{cmd}' over SSH.")
            try:
                # Case 1: Command runs successfully
                res = self._run(
                    cmd,
                    label=f"run {cmd}",
                    lock_timeout=actual_lock_timeout,
                    hide=True,
                )
                t_1 = time.perf_counter()
                self.logger.info(
                    f"{prefix} END   running '{cmd}' over SSH, "
                    f"elapsed {t_1-t_0:.3f}"
                )
                self.logger.debug("STDOUT:")
                self.logger.debug(res.stdout)
                self.logger.debug("STDERR:")
                self.logger.debug(res.stderr)
                return res.stdout
            except NoValidConnectionsError as e:
                # Case 2: Command fails with a connection error
                self.logger.warning(
                    f"{prefix} Running command `{cmd}` over SSH failed.\n"
                    f"Original NoValidConnectionError:\n{str(e)}.\n"
                    f"{e.errors=}\n"
                )
                if ind_attempt < actual_max_attempts:
                    sleeptime = actual_base_interval**ind_attempt
                    self.logger.warning(
                        f"{prefix} Now sleep {sleeptime:.3f} "
                        "seconds and continue."
                    )
                    time.sleep(sleeptime)
                else:
                    self.logger.error(f"{prefix} Reached last attempt")
                    break
            except UnexpectedExit as e:
                # Case 3: Command fails with an actual error
                error_msg = (
                    f"{prefix} Running command `{cmd}` over SSH failed.\n"
                    f"Original error:\n{str(e)}."
                )
                self.logger.error(error_msg)
                raise RuntimeError(error_msg)
            except Exception as e:
                self.logger.error(
                    f"Running command `{cmd}` over SSH failed.\n"
                    f"Original Error:\n{str(e)}."
                )
                raise e

        raise RuntimeError(
            f"Reached last attempt ({max_attempts=}) for running "
            f"'{cmd}' over SSH"
        )

    def send_file(
        self,
        *,
        local: str,
        remote: str,
        lock_timeout: Optional[float] = None,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Transfer a file via SSH

        Args:
            local: Local path to file
            remote: Target path on remote host
            fractal_ssh: FractalSSH connection object with custom lock
            logger_name: Name of the logger
        """
        try:
            self.logger.info(
                f"[send_file] START transfer of '{local}' over SSH."
            )
            actual_lock_timeout = self.default_lock_timeout
            if lock_timeout is not None:
                actual_lock_timeout = lock_timeout
            with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
                lock=self._lock,
                label=f"send_file {local=} {remote=}",
                timeout=actual_lock_timeout,
            ):
                self._sftp_unsafe().put(local, remote)
            self.logger.info(
                f"[send_file] END transfer of '{local}' over SSH."
            )
        except Exception as e:
            self.log_and_raise(
                e=e,
                message=(
                    "Error in `send_file`, while "
                    f"transferring {local=} to {remote=}."
                ),
            )

    def fetch_file(
        self,
        *,
        local: str,
        remote: str,
        lock_timeout: Optional[float] = None,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Transfer a file via SSH

        Args:
            local: Local path to file
            remote: Target path on remote host
            logger_name: Name of the logger
            lock_timeout:
        """
        try:
            prefix = "[fetch_file] "
            self.logger.info(f"{prefix} START fetching '{remote}' over SSH.")
            actual_lock_timeout = self.default_lock_timeout
            if lock_timeout is not None:
                actual_lock_timeout = lock_timeout
            with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
                lock=self._lock,
                label=f"fetch_file {local=} {remote=}",
                timeout=actual_lock_timeout,
            ):
                self._sftp_unsafe().get(
                    remote,
                    local,
                    prefetch=self.sftp_get_prefetch,
                    max_concurrent_prefetch_requests=self.sftp_get_max_requests,  # noqa E501
                )
            self.logger.info(f"{prefix} END fetching '{remote}' over SSH.")
        except Exception as e:
            self.log_and_raise(
                e=e,
                message=(
                    "Error in `fetch_file`, while "
                    f"Transferring {remote=} to {local=}."
                ),
            )

    def mkdir(self, *, folder: str, parents: bool = True) -> None:
        """
        Create a folder remotely via SSH.

        Args:
            folder:
            parents:
        """
        if parents:
            cmd = f"mkdir -p {folder}"
        else:
            cmd = f"mkdir {folder}"
        self.run_command(cmd=cmd)

    def remove_folder(
        self,
        *,
        folder: str,
        safe_root: str,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Removes a folder remotely via SSH.

        This functions calls `rm -r`, after a few checks on `folder`.

        Args:
            folder: Absolute path to a folder that should be removed.
            safe_root: If `folder` is not a subfolder of the absolute
                `safe_root` path, raise an error.
        """
        validate_cmd(folder)
        validate_cmd(safe_root)

        if " " in folder:
            raise ValueError(f"folder='{folder}' includes whitespace.")
        elif " " in safe_root:
            raise ValueError(f"safe_root='{safe_root}' includes whitespace.")
        elif not Path(folder).is_absolute():
            raise ValueError(f"{folder=} is not an absolute path.")
        elif not Path(safe_root).is_absolute():
            raise ValueError(f"{safe_root=} is not an absolute path.")
        elif not (
            Path(folder).resolve().is_relative_to(Path(safe_root).resolve())
        ):
            raise ValueError(f"{folder=} is not a subfolder of {safe_root=}.")
        else:
            cmd = f"rm -r {folder}"
            self.run_command(cmd=cmd)

    def write_remote_file(
        self,
        *,
        path: str,
        content: str,
        lock_timeout: Optional[float] = None,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Open a remote file via SFTP and write it.

        Args:
            path: Absolute path
            contents: File contents
            lock_timeout:
        """
        self.logger.info(f"START writing to remote file {path}.")
        actual_lock_timeout = self.default_lock_timeout
        if lock_timeout is not None:
            actual_lock_timeout = lock_timeout
        with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
            lock=self._lock,
            label=f"write_remote_file {path=}",
            timeout=actual_lock_timeout,
        ):
            try:
                with self._sftp_unsafe().open(filename=path, mode="w") as f:
                    f.write(content)
            except Exception as e:
                self.log_and_raise(
                    e=e, message=f"Error in `write_remote_file`, for {path=}."
                )

        self.logger.info(f"END writing to remote file {path}.")

    def remote_exists(self, path: str) -> bool:
        """
        Return whether a remote file/folder exists
        """
        self.logger.info(f"START remote_file_exists {path}")
        with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
            lock=self._lock,
            label=f"remote_file_exists {path=}",
            timeout=self.default_lock_timeout,
        ):
            try:
                self._sftp_unsafe().stat(path)
                self.logger.info(f"END   remote_file_exists {path} / True")
                return True
            except FileNotFoundError:
                self.logger.info(f"END   remote_file_exists {path} / False")
                return False
            except Exception as e:
                self.log_and_raise(
                    e=e, message=f"Error in `remote_exists`, for {path=}."
                )

_sftp_unsafe()

This is marked as unsafe because you should only use its methods after acquiring a lock.

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

def _sftp_unsafe(self) -> paramiko.sftp_client.SFTPClient:
    """
    This is marked as unsafe because you should only use its methods
    after acquiring a lock.
    """
    return self._connection.sftp()

check_connection()

Open the SSH connection and handle exceptions.

This method should always be called at the beginning of background operations that use FractalSSH, so that:

1. We try to restore unusable connections (e.g. due to closed socket).
2. We provide an informative error if connection cannot be established.

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

def check_connection(self) -> None:
    """
    Open the SSH connection and handle exceptions.

    This method should always be called at the beginning of background
    operations that use FractalSSH, so that:

    1. We try to restore unusable connections (e.g. due to closed socket).
    2. We provide an informative error if connection cannot be established.
    """
    self.logger.debug(
        f"[check_connection] {self._connection.is_connected=}"
    )
    if self._connection.is_connected:
        # Even if the connection appears open, it could be broken for
        # external reasons (e.g. the socket is closed because the SSH
        # server was restarted). In these cases, we catch the error and
        # try to re-open the connection.
        try:
            self.logger.info(
                "[check_connection] Run dummy command to check connection."
            )
            # Run both an SFTP and an SSH command, as they correspond to
            # different sockets
            self.remote_exists("/dummy/path/")
            self.run_command(cmd="whoami")
            self.logger.info(
                "[check_connection] SSH connection is already OK, exit."
            )
            return
        except (OSError, EOFError) as e:
            self.logger.warning(
                f"[check_connection] Detected error {str(e)}, re-open."
            )
    # Try opening the connection (if it was closed) or to re-open it (if
    # an error happened).
    try:
        self.close()
        with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
            lock=self._lock,
            label="_connection.open",
            timeout=self.default_lock_timeout,
            logger_name=self.logger_name,
        ):
            self._connection.open()
            self._connection.client.open_sftp()
            self.logger.info(
                "[check_connection] SSH connection opened, exit."
            )

    except Exception as e:
        raise RuntimeError(
            f"Cannot open SSH connection. Original error:\n{str(e)}"
        )

close()

Aggressively close self._connection.

When Connection.is_connected is False, Connection.close() does not call Connection.client.close(). Thus we do this explicitly here, because we observed cases where is_connected=False but the underlying Transport object was not closed.

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

def close(self) -> None:
    """
    Aggressively close `self._connection`.

    When `Connection.is_connected` is `False`, `Connection.close()` does
    not call `Connection.client.close()`. Thus we do this explicitly here,
    because we observed cases where `is_connected=False` but the underlying
    `Transport` object was not closed.
    """
    with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
        lock=self._lock,
        label="_connection.close",
        timeout=self.default_lock_timeout,
    ):
        self._connection.close()
        if self._connection.client is not None:
            self._connection.client.close()

fetch_file(*, local, remote, lock_timeout=None)

Transfer a file via SSH

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
local	str	Local path to file	required
remote	str	Target path on remote host	required
logger_name		Name of the logger	required
lock_timeout	Optional[float]		None

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

def fetch_file(
    self,
    *,
    local: str,
    remote: str,
    lock_timeout: Optional[float] = None,
) -> None:
    """
    Transfer a file via SSH

    Args:
        local: Local path to file
        remote: Target path on remote host
        logger_name: Name of the logger
        lock_timeout:
    """
    try:
        prefix = "[fetch_file] "
        self.logger.info(f"{prefix} START fetching '{remote}' over SSH.")
        actual_lock_timeout = self.default_lock_timeout
        if lock_timeout is not None:
            actual_lock_timeout = lock_timeout
        with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
            lock=self._lock,
            label=f"fetch_file {local=} {remote=}",
            timeout=actual_lock_timeout,
        ):
            self._sftp_unsafe().get(
                remote,
                local,
                prefetch=self.sftp_get_prefetch,
                max_concurrent_prefetch_requests=self.sftp_get_max_requests,  # noqa E501
            )
        self.logger.info(f"{prefix} END fetching '{remote}' over SSH.")
    except Exception as e:
        self.log_and_raise(
            e=e,
            message=(
                "Error in `fetch_file`, while "
                f"Transferring {remote=} to {local=}."
            ),
        )

log_and_raise(*, e, message)

Log and re-raise an exception from a FractalSSH method.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
message	str	Additional message to be logged.	required
e	Exception	Original exception	required

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

def log_and_raise(self, *, e: Exception, message: str) -> None:
    """
    Log and re-raise an exception from a FractalSSH method.

    Arguments:
        message: Additional message to be logged.
        e: Original exception
    """
    try:
        self.logger.error(message)
        self.logger.error(f"Original Error {type(e)} : \n{str(e)}")
        # Handle the specific case of `NoValidConnectionsError`s from
        # paramiko, which store relevant information in the `errors`
        # attribute
        if hasattr(e, "errors"):
            self.logger.error(f"{type(e)=}")
            for err in e.errors:
                self.logger.error(f"{err}")
    except Exception as exception:
        # Handle unexpected cases, e.g. (1) `e` has no `type`, or
        # (2) `errors` is not iterable.
        self.logger.error(
            "Unexpected Error while handling exception above: "
            f"{str(exception)}"
        )

    raise e

mkdir(*, folder, parents=True)

Create a folder remotely via SSH.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
folder	str		required
parents	bool		True

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

def mkdir(self, *, folder: str, parents: bool = True) -> None:
    """
    Create a folder remotely via SSH.

    Args:
        folder:
        parents:
    """
    if parents:
        cmd = f"mkdir -p {folder}"
    else:
        cmd = f"mkdir {folder}"
    self.run_command(cmd=cmd)

remote_exists(path)

Return whether a remote file/folder exists

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

def remote_exists(self, path: str) -> bool:
    """
    Return whether a remote file/folder exists
    """
    self.logger.info(f"START remote_file_exists {path}")
    with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
        lock=self._lock,
        label=f"remote_file_exists {path=}",
        timeout=self.default_lock_timeout,
    ):
        try:
            self._sftp_unsafe().stat(path)
            self.logger.info(f"END   remote_file_exists {path} / True")
            return True
        except FileNotFoundError:
            self.logger.info(f"END   remote_file_exists {path} / False")
            return False
        except Exception as e:
            self.log_and_raise(
                e=e, message=f"Error in `remote_exists`, for {path=}."
            )

remove_folder(*, folder, safe_root)

Removes a folder remotely via SSH.

This functions calls rm -r, after a few checks on folder.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
folder	str	Absolute path to a folder that should be removed.	required
safe_root	str	If folder is not a subfolder of the absolute safe_root path, raise an error.	required

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

def remove_folder(
    self,
    *,
    folder: str,
    safe_root: str,
) -> None:
    """
    Removes a folder remotely via SSH.

    This functions calls `rm -r`, after a few checks on `folder`.

    Args:
        folder: Absolute path to a folder that should be removed.
        safe_root: If `folder` is not a subfolder of the absolute
            `safe_root` path, raise an error.
    """
    validate_cmd(folder)
    validate_cmd(safe_root)

    if " " in folder:
        raise ValueError(f"folder='{folder}' includes whitespace.")
    elif " " in safe_root:
        raise ValueError(f"safe_root='{safe_root}' includes whitespace.")
    elif not Path(folder).is_absolute():
        raise ValueError(f"{folder=} is not an absolute path.")
    elif not Path(safe_root).is_absolute():
        raise ValueError(f"{safe_root=} is not an absolute path.")
    elif not (
        Path(folder).resolve().is_relative_to(Path(safe_root).resolve())
    ):
        raise ValueError(f"{folder=} is not a subfolder of {safe_root=}.")
    else:
        cmd = f"rm -r {folder}"
        self.run_command(cmd=cmd)

run_command(*, cmd, allow_char=None, max_attempts=None, base_interval=None, lock_timeout=None)

Run a command within an open SSH connection.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
cmd	str	Command to be run	required
allow_char	Optional[str]	Forbidden chars to allow for this command	None
max_attempts	Optional[int]		None
base_interval	Optional[int]		None
lock_timeout	Optional[int]		None

Returns:

Type	Description
str	Standard output of the command, if successful.

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

def run_command(
    self,
    *,
    cmd: str,
    allow_char: Optional[str] = None,
    max_attempts: Optional[int] = None,
    base_interval: Optional[int] = None,
    lock_timeout: Optional[int] = None,
) -> str:
    """
    Run a command within an open SSH connection.

    Args:
        cmd: Command to be run
        allow_char: Forbidden chars to allow for this command
        max_attempts:
        base_interval:
        lock_timeout:

    Returns:
        Standard output of the command, if successful.
    """

    validate_cmd(cmd, allow_char=allow_char)

    actual_max_attempts = self.default_max_attempts
    if max_attempts is not None:
        actual_max_attempts = max_attempts

    actual_base_interval = self.default_base_interval
    if base_interval is not None:
        actual_base_interval = base_interval

    actual_lock_timeout = self.default_lock_timeout
    if lock_timeout is not None:
        actual_lock_timeout = lock_timeout

    t_0 = time.perf_counter()
    ind_attempt = 0
    while ind_attempt <= actual_max_attempts:
        ind_attempt += 1
        prefix = f"[attempt {ind_attempt}/{actual_max_attempts}]"
        self.logger.info(f"{prefix} START running '{cmd}' over SSH.")
        try:
            # Case 1: Command runs successfully
            res = self._run(
                cmd,
                label=f"run {cmd}",
                lock_timeout=actual_lock_timeout,
                hide=True,
            )
            t_1 = time.perf_counter()
            self.logger.info(
                f"{prefix} END   running '{cmd}' over SSH, "
                f"elapsed {t_1-t_0:.3f}"
            )
            self.logger.debug("STDOUT:")
            self.logger.debug(res.stdout)
            self.logger.debug("STDERR:")
            self.logger.debug(res.stderr)
            return res.stdout
        except NoValidConnectionsError as e:
            # Case 2: Command fails with a connection error
            self.logger.warning(
                f"{prefix} Running command `{cmd}` over SSH failed.\n"
                f"Original NoValidConnectionError:\n{str(e)}.\n"
                f"{e.errors=}\n"
            )
            if ind_attempt < actual_max_attempts:
                sleeptime = actual_base_interval**ind_attempt
                self.logger.warning(
                    f"{prefix} Now sleep {sleeptime:.3f} "
                    "seconds and continue."
                )
                time.sleep(sleeptime)
            else:
                self.logger.error(f"{prefix} Reached last attempt")
                break
        except UnexpectedExit as e:
            # Case 3: Command fails with an actual error
            error_msg = (
                f"{prefix} Running command `{cmd}` over SSH failed.\n"
                f"Original error:\n{str(e)}."
            )
            self.logger.error(error_msg)
            raise RuntimeError(error_msg)
        except Exception as e:
            self.logger.error(
                f"Running command `{cmd}` over SSH failed.\n"
                f"Original Error:\n{str(e)}."
            )
            raise e

    raise RuntimeError(
        f"Reached last attempt ({max_attempts=}) for running "
        f"'{cmd}' over SSH"
    )

send_file(*, local, remote, lock_timeout=None)

Transfer a file via SSH

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
local	str	Local path to file	required
remote	str	Target path on remote host	required
fractal_ssh		FractalSSH connection object with custom lock	required
logger_name		Name of the logger	required

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

def send_file(
    self,
    *,
    local: str,
    remote: str,
    lock_timeout: Optional[float] = None,
) -> None:
    """
    Transfer a file via SSH

    Args:
        local: Local path to file
        remote: Target path on remote host
        fractal_ssh: FractalSSH connection object with custom lock
        logger_name: Name of the logger
    """
    try:
        self.logger.info(
            f"[send_file] START transfer of '{local}' over SSH."
        )
        actual_lock_timeout = self.default_lock_timeout
        if lock_timeout is not None:
            actual_lock_timeout = lock_timeout
        with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
            lock=self._lock,
            label=f"send_file {local=} {remote=}",
            timeout=actual_lock_timeout,
        ):
            self._sftp_unsafe().put(local, remote)
        self.logger.info(
            f"[send_file] END transfer of '{local}' over SSH."
        )
    except Exception as e:
        self.log_and_raise(
            e=e,
            message=(
                "Error in `send_file`, while "
                f"transferring {local=} to {remote=}."
            ),
        )

write_remote_file(*, path, content, lock_timeout=None)

Open a remote file via SFTP and write it.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
path	str	Absolute path	required
contents		File contents	required
lock_timeout	Optional[float]		None

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

def write_remote_file(
    self,
    *,
    path: str,
    content: str,
    lock_timeout: Optional[float] = None,
) -> None:
    """
    Open a remote file via SFTP and write it.

    Args:
        path: Absolute path
        contents: File contents
        lock_timeout:
    """
    self.logger.info(f"START writing to remote file {path}.")
    actual_lock_timeout = self.default_lock_timeout
    if lock_timeout is not None:
        actual_lock_timeout = lock_timeout
    with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
        lock=self._lock,
        label=f"write_remote_file {path=}",
        timeout=actual_lock_timeout,
    ):
        try:
            with self._sftp_unsafe().open(filename=path, mode="w") as f:
                f.write(content)
        except Exception as e:
            self.log_and_raise(
                e=e, message=f"Error in `write_remote_file`, for {path=}."
            )

    self.logger.info(f"END writing to remote file {path}.")

FractalSSHList

Bases: object

Collection of FractalSSH objects

Attributes are all private, and access to this collection must be through methods (mostly the get one).

Attributes:

Name	Type	Description
_data	dict[tuple[str, str, str], FractalSSH]	Mapping of unique keys (the SSH-credentials tuples) to FractalSSH objects.
_lock	Lock	A threading.Lock object, to be acquired when changing _data.
_timeout	float	Timeout for _lock acquisition.
_logger_name	str	Logger name.

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

class FractalSSHList(object):
    """
    Collection of `FractalSSH` objects

    Attributes are all private, and access to this collection must be
    through methods (mostly the `get` one).

    Attributes:
        _data:
            Mapping of unique keys (the SSH-credentials tuples) to
            `FractalSSH` objects.
        _lock:
            A `threading.Lock object`, to be acquired when changing `_data`.
        _timeout: Timeout for `_lock` acquisition.
        _logger_name: Logger name.
    """

    _data: dict[tuple[str, str, str], FractalSSH]
    _lock: Lock
    _timeout: float
    _logger_name: str

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        timeout: float = 5.0,
        logger_name: str = "fractal_server.FractalSSHList",
    ):
        self._lock = Lock()
        self._data = {}
        self._timeout = timeout
        self._logger_name = logger_name
        set_logger(self._logger_name)

    @property
    def logger(self) -> logging.Logger:
        """
        This property exists so that we never have to propagate the
        `Logger` object.
        """
        return get_logger(self._logger_name)

    @property
    def size(self) -> int:
        """
        Number of current key-value pairs in `self._data`.
        """
        return len(self._data.values())

    def get(self, *, host: str, user: str, key_path: str) -> FractalSSH:
        """
        Get the `FractalSSH` for the current credentials, or create one.

        Note: Changing `_data` requires acquiring `_lock`.

        Arguments:
            host:
            user:
            key_path:
        """
        key = (host, user, key_path)
        fractal_ssh = self._data.get(key, None)
        if fractal_ssh is not None:
            self.logger.info(
                f"Return existing FractalSSH object for {user}@{host}"
            )
            return fractal_ssh
        else:
            self.logger.info(f"Add new FractalSSH object for {user}@{host}")
            connection = Connection(
                host=host,
                user=user,
                forward_agent=False,
                connect_kwargs={
                    "key_filename": key_path,
                    "look_for_keys": False,
                },
            )
            with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
                lock=self._lock,
                label="FractalSSHList.get",
                timeout=self._timeout,
            ):
                self._data[key] = FractalSSH(connection=connection)
                return self._data[key]

    def contains(
        self,
        *,
        host: str,
        user: str,
        key_path: str,
    ) -> bool:
        """
        Return whether a given key is present in the collection.

        Arguments:
            host:
            user:
            key_path:
        """
        key = (host, user, key_path)
        return key in self._data.keys()

    def remove(
        self,
        *,
        host: str,
        user: str,
        key_path: str,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Remove a key from `_data` and close the corresponding connection.

        Note: Changing `_data` requires acquiring `_lock`.

        Arguments:
            host:
            user:
            key_path:
        """
        key = (host, user, key_path)
        with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
            lock=self._lock,
            timeout=self._timeout,
            label="FractalSSHList.remove",
        ):
            self.logger.info(
                f"Removing FractalSSH object for {user}@{host} "
                "from collection."
            )
            fractal_ssh_obj = self._data.pop(key)
            self.logger.info(
                f"Closing FractalSSH object for {user}@{host} "
                f"({fractal_ssh_obj.is_connected=})."
            )
            fractal_ssh_obj.close()

    def close_all(self, *, timeout: float = 5.0):
        """
        Close all `FractalSSH` objects in the collection.

        Arguments:
            timeout:
                Timeout for `FractalSSH._lock` acquisition, to be obtained
                before closing.
        """
        for key, fractal_ssh_obj in self._data.items():
            host, user, _ = key[:]
            self.logger.info(
                f"Closing FractalSSH object for {user}@{host} "
                f"({fractal_ssh_obj.is_connected=})."
            )
            fractal_ssh_obj.close()

logger: logging.Logger property

This property exists so that we never have to propagate the Logger object.

size: int property

Number of current key-value pairs in self._data.

close_all(*, timeout=5.0)

Close all FractalSSH objects in the collection.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
timeout	float	Timeout for FractalSSH._lock acquisition, to be obtained before closing.	5.0

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

def close_all(self, *, timeout: float = 5.0):
    """
    Close all `FractalSSH` objects in the collection.

    Arguments:
        timeout:
            Timeout for `FractalSSH._lock` acquisition, to be obtained
            before closing.
    """
    for key, fractal_ssh_obj in self._data.items():
        host, user, _ = key[:]
        self.logger.info(
            f"Closing FractalSSH object for {user}@{host} "
            f"({fractal_ssh_obj.is_connected=})."
        )
        fractal_ssh_obj.close()

contains(*, host, user, key_path)

Return whether a given key is present in the collection.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
host	str		required
user	str		required
key_path	str		required

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

def contains(
    self,
    *,
    host: str,
    user: str,
    key_path: str,
) -> bool:
    """
    Return whether a given key is present in the collection.

    Arguments:
        host:
        user:
        key_path:
    """
    key = (host, user, key_path)
    return key in self._data.keys()

get(*, host, user, key_path)

Get the FractalSSH for the current credentials, or create one.

Note: Changing _data requires acquiring _lock.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
host	str		required
user	str		required
key_path	str		required

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

def get(self, *, host: str, user: str, key_path: str) -> FractalSSH:
    """
    Get the `FractalSSH` for the current credentials, or create one.

    Note: Changing `_data` requires acquiring `_lock`.

    Arguments:
        host:
        user:
        key_path:
    """
    key = (host, user, key_path)
    fractal_ssh = self._data.get(key, None)
    if fractal_ssh is not None:
        self.logger.info(
            f"Return existing FractalSSH object for {user}@{host}"
        )
        return fractal_ssh
    else:
        self.logger.info(f"Add new FractalSSH object for {user}@{host}")
        connection = Connection(
            host=host,
            user=user,
            forward_agent=False,
            connect_kwargs={
                "key_filename": key_path,
                "look_for_keys": False,
            },
        )
        with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
            lock=self._lock,
            label="FractalSSHList.get",
            timeout=self._timeout,
        ):
            self._data[key] = FractalSSH(connection=connection)
            return self._data[key]

remove(*, host, user, key_path)

Remove a key from _data and close the corresponding connection.

Note: Changing _data requires acquiring _lock.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
host	str		required
user	str		required
key_path	str		required

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

def remove(
    self,
    *,
    host: str,
    user: str,
    key_path: str,
) -> None:
    """
    Remove a key from `_data` and close the corresponding connection.

    Note: Changing `_data` requires acquiring `_lock`.

    Arguments:
        host:
        user:
        key_path:
    """
    key = (host, user, key_path)
    with _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
        lock=self._lock,
        timeout=self._timeout,
        label="FractalSSHList.remove",
    ):
        self.logger.info(
            f"Removing FractalSSH object for {user}@{host} "
            "from collection."
        )
        fractal_ssh_obj = self._data.pop(key)
        self.logger.info(
            f"Closing FractalSSH object for {user}@{host} "
            f"({fractal_ssh_obj.is_connected=})."
        )
        fractal_ssh_obj.close()

_acquire_lock_with_timeout(lock, label, timeout, logger_name=__name__)

Given a threading.Lock object, try to acquire it within a given timeout.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
lock	Lock		required
label	str		required
timeout	float		required
logger_name	str		__name__

Source code in fractal_server/ssh/_fabric.py

@contextmanager
def _acquire_lock_with_timeout(
    lock: Lock,
    label: str,
    timeout: float,
    logger_name: str = __name__,
) -> Generator[Literal[True], Any, None]:
    """
    Given a `threading.Lock` object, try to acquire it within a given timeout.

    Arguments:
        lock:
        label:
        timeout:
        logger_name:
    """
    logger = get_logger(logger_name)
    logger.info(f"Trying to acquire lock for '{label}', with {timeout=}")
    result = lock.acquire(timeout=timeout)
    try:
        if not result:
            logger.error(f"Lock for '{label}' was *not* acquired.")
            raise FractalSSHTimeoutError(
                f"Failed to acquire lock for '{label}' within "
                f"{timeout} seconds"
            )
        logger.info(f"Lock for '{label}' was acquired.")
        yield result
    finally:
        if result:
            lock.release()
            logger.info(f"Lock for '{label}' was released.")